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Junction Grammar is a descriptive model of language developed during the 1960s by Dr. Eldon G. Lytle (1936 - 2010)(). Junction Grammar is based on the premise that the meaning of language can be described and precisely codified by the way language elements are joined together. The model was used during the 1960s and 1970s in the attempt to create a functional computer-assisted translation system. It has also been used for linguistic analysis in the language instruction field. ==Background== Early generative grammars dealt with language from a ''syntactic'' perspective, i.e. as the problem presented by the task of creating rules able to combine words into well-formed (i.e., ''grammatical'') sentences. The rules used by these grammars were referred to as phrase-structure rules (P-rules). It was soon apparent, however, that a generative component composed solely of P-rules could not generate a wide variety of commonly occurring sentence types. In response to this dilemma, we find Harris proposing an explanation: ''Some of the cruces in descriptive linguistics have been due to the search for a constituent analysis in sentence types where this does not exist'' because the sentences are transformationally derived from each other (added )〔Harris, Zellig S. (1981). "Co-occurrence and transformation." In ''Papers in Syntax.'' Dordrecht: Reidel, 1 edition. ''Synthese language library,'' vol.14, Henry Hiz, ed.〕 Chomsky’s model of syntax - transformational grammar -picked up on this line of reasoning and added a supplementary set of transformations (T-rules). T-rules effected combinations and permutations of words in step-wise fashion to fill in structural gaps where P-rules alone could not generate the sentences which Harris had pointed out as problems. The structural forms generated by P-rules alone were said to constitute ‘deep structure.’ ‘Surface structure’ was then derived transformationally by T-rules from the ‘kernel’ structures first generated by the operation of P-rules. In this way, Chomsky proposed to generate an infinite number of sentences using finite means (the closed sets of P-rules and T-rules). Syntax-based models of this vintage set semantics and phonology apart as linguistic processes to be approached separately. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Junction Grammar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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